Glossary
What Is a Solar Panel? Plain-English Guide (2026)
Definition: A device that converts sunlight into electricity using photovoltaic cells
Solar Panel Explained
A solar panel (photovoltaic panel) is made of silicon cells that generate direct current (DC) electricity when photons from sunlight knock electrons loose. An inverter converts this DC electricity into alternating current (AC) for use in your home. Excess electricity can be exported to the grid via the export tariff.
How Does a Solar Panel Work?
- Sunlight hits silicon photovoltaic cells in the panel
- Photons knock electrons loose creating direct current (DC) electricity
- An inverter converts DC to AC electricity your home can use
- Excess power is exported to the grid earning export tariff payments
Pros and Cons of a Solar Panel
| Pros | Cons |
|---|---|
| Reduces electricity bills by up to 70% | Output depends on sunlight and roof orientation |
| Earn money via the export tariff | Upfront cost of £5000-£10000 |
| Low maintenance with 25+ year lifespan | Does not generate electricity at night |
| 0% VAT on residential installations | May require roof reinforcement on older properties |
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a Solar Panel?
A device that converts sunlight into electricity using photovoltaic cells
How does a Solar Panel work?
A solar panel (photovoltaic panel) is made of silicon cells that generate direct current (DC) electricity when photons from sunlight knock electrons loose. An inverter converts this DC electricity into alternating current (AC) for use in your home. Excess electricity can be exported to the grid via the export tariff.
Why is a Solar Panel important for homeowners?
Understanding solar panel helps you make informed decisions about energy improvements to your home and may affect the grants, savings and payback periods available to you.
Is a Solar Panel relevant to home energy improvements?
Yes — solar panel is a key concept in home energy improvements. It may affect system sizing, efficiency and eligibility for government grants and incentives.
Where can I learn more about solar panel?
You can find more information on renewable energy terminology and policy by searching online or consulting with a qualified installer in your area.