Glossary
What Is a Heat Pump? Plain-English Guide (2026)
Definition: A device that moves heat from outside air or ground into your home, using electricity
Heat Pump Explained
A heat pump is a heating system that extracts thermal energy from outdoor air (air source) or the ground (ground source) and transfers it inside your home at a much higher temperature. Because it moves heat rather than generating it, heat pumps deliver 3-4 units of heat per unit of electricity consumed.
How Does a Heat Pump Work?
- Refrigerant absorbs heat from outside air at low temperature
- A compressor increases the refrigerant pressure raising its temperature
- Hot refrigerant passes through a heat exchanger warming your home's water circuit
- Cooled refrigerant expands and the cycle repeats
Pros and Cons of a Heat Pump
| Pros | Cons |
|---|---|
| Delivers 3-4x more heat energy than electricity consumed | Higher upfront cost than a gas boiler |
| Eligible for government grant (currently up to £7,500, subject to eligibility) | Requires outdoor space for the unit |
| Significantly lowers carbon emissions | Best performance with underfloor heating or large radiators |
| Works in temperatures as low as -20°C | May need an electricity supply upgrade |
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a Heat Pump?
A device that moves heat from outside air or ground into your home, using electricity
How does a Heat Pump work?
A heat pump is a heating system that extracts thermal energy from outdoor air (air source) or the ground (ground source) and transfers it inside your home at a much higher temperature. Because it moves heat rather than generating it, heat pumps deliver 3-4 units of heat per unit of electricity consumed.
Why is a Heat Pump important for homeowners?
Understanding heat pump helps you make informed decisions about energy improvements to your home and may affect the grants, savings and payback periods available to you.
Is a Heat Pump relevant to home energy improvements?
Yes — heat pump is a key concept in home energy improvements. It may affect system sizing, efficiency and eligibility for government grants and incentives.
Where can I learn more about heat pump?
You can find more information on renewable energy terminology and policy by searching online or consulting with a qualified installer in your area.